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Treatment of Breast Cancer - 3.Examples of Common Chemotherapy drugs
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There are some examples of anticancer medications for breast cancer:
Common Chemotherapy drugs |
Generic Name(Brand Name) |
Usage |
Possible side effects |
cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
Hair loss
Nausea and vomiting
Drop in blood cell count
May affect fertility |
doxorubicin(Adriamycin) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
Hair loss
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Drop in blood cell count
May affect fertility
Heart damage(rarely) |
methotrexate(Mexate) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Drop in blood cell count
Rash
Mouth sores |
5-fluorouracil(Adrucil) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
Fatigue
Drop in blood cell count
Rash
Diarrhea
Mouth or lip sores |
epirubicin(Ellence) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
Hair loss
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Drop in blood cell count |
Chemotherapy Drugs: Taxanes |
Generic Name(Brand Name) |
Usage |
Possible side effects |
docetaxel(Taxotere) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
Hair loss
Fatigue
Fluid retention
Drop in blood cell count
Neuropathy (numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, usually after long-term use) |
paclitaxel (Taxol) |
For early-stage and advanced cancer |
|
Chemotherapy Drugs: Advanced Cancer |
Generic Name(Brand Name) |
Usage |
Possible side effects |
capecitabine(Xeloda) |
Used mainly for advanced cancer |
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Mouth sores
Hand-foot syndrome
Drop in blood cell count |
gemcitabine(Gemzar) |
Used mainly for advanced cancer |
Fever
Rash
Hair loss
Drop in blood cell count |
vinorelbine(Navelbine) |
Used mainly for advanced cancer |
Hair loss
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Muscle and bone aches
Neuropathy(numbness and tingling in the hands and feet) |
Hormonal Medications |
Generic Name(Brand Name) |
Usage |
Possible side effects |
anastrozole(Arimidex) |
Used for early-stage and advanced hormone receptor-positive cancers in postmenopausal women |
Hot flashes
Mild nausea
Rashes
Bone loss
Pain in joints or muscles |
exemestane(Aromasin) |
Used for advanced hormone-receptor-positive cancers in postmenopausal women |
Hot flashes
Mild nausea
Bone loss
Fatigue
Joint pain |
goserelin(Zoladex) |
Sometimes used to treat hormone-receptor-positive cancers in premenopausal women and women approaching menopause
(perimenopausal) |
Menopausal symptoms:
Hot flashes
Vaginal dryness
Reduced libido |
letrozole(Femara) |
Used for early-stage and advanced hormone receptor positive cancers in postmenopausal women |
Hot flashes
Bone loss
Pain in back, joint or muscle
Hair loss |
leuprolide(Lupron) |
Sometimes used to treat hormone receptor-positive cancer in pre- and perimenopausal women |
Menopausal symptoms:
Hot flashes
Vaginal dryness
Reduced libido |
megastrol(Megace) |
Used for advanced hormone receptor-positive cancers |
Weight gain
Increased appetite
Shortness of breath |
tamoxifen(Nolvadex) |
Used for early-stage and advanced cancer |
Hot flashes
Vaginal discharge
Fatigue
Nausea
Headaches
Blood clots(deep venous thrombosis)
Blood clots traveling to the lungs(pulmonary emboli)
Possibly stroke
Uterine cancer
cataracts |
fulvestrant(Faslodex) |
Used for advanced hormone receptor-positive cancers in postmenopausal women |
Hot flashes
Vomiting
Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhea
Headache
Sore throat |
Targeted Therapy |
Generic Name(Brand Name) |
Usage |
Possible side effects |
trastuzumab(Herceptin) |
Used for advanced cancers with high levels of HER2;
Used in clinical trials for early-stage cancer |
Early, temporary allergic reaction that may include: shortness of breath
Fever, and
chills
Rarely, serious side effects include:
allergic shock
respiratory distress, and
damage to the heart |
Standard-Dose Chemotherapy
Generally, breast cancer women receive chemotherapy drugs in cycles, which each treatment period is followed by a rest period to allow the body to recover.
One of the side effects of chemotherapy drugs is the drop in blood cell count which means that both of the level of red blood cells and white blood cells in the body decrease. Therefore, chemotherapy drugs can not be prolonging used in patients with giving them a resting time. During the rest period, white blood cells which are important to fight against infection can be increased to the normal safe levels. Besides, it is essential to let the red blood cells to rise to normal levels since they play a very important role to carry oxygen to each tissue in the body. Otherwise, fatigue due to anemia can occur.
For example, combination AC is usually given in four cycles. Each cycle is separated by a three-week rest period. Both medications are given on day one of the cycle.
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