Treatment of Breast Cancer - 3.Examples of Common Chemotherapy drugs


There are some examples of anticancer medications for breast cancer:

Common Chemotherapy drugs
Generic Name(Brand Name) Usage Possible side effects
cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan) For early-stage and advanced cancer Hair loss

Nausea and vomiting

Drop in blood cell count

May affect fertility
doxorubicin(Adriamycin) For early-stage and advanced cancer Hair loss

Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Drop in blood cell count

May affect fertility

Heart damage(rarely)
methotrexate(Mexate) For early-stage and advanced cancer Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Drop in blood cell count

Rash

Mouth sores
5-fluorouracil(Adrucil) For early-stage and advanced cancer Fatigue

Drop in blood cell count

Rash

Diarrhea

Mouth or lip sores
epirubicin(Ellence) For early-stage and advanced cancer Hair loss

Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Drop in blood cell count

Chemotherapy Drugs: Taxanes
Generic Name(Brand Name) Usage Possible side effects
docetaxel(Taxotere) For early-stage and advanced cancer Hair loss

Fatigue

Fluid retention

Drop in blood cell count

Neuropathy (numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, usually after long-term use)
paclitaxel (Taxol) For early-stage and advanced cancer  

Chemotherapy Drugs: Advanced Cancer
Generic Name(Brand Name) Usage Possible side effects
capecitabine(Xeloda) Used mainly for advanced cancer Fatigue

Diarrhea

Mouth sores

Hand-foot syndrome

Drop in blood cell count
gemcitabine(Gemzar) Used mainly for advanced cancer Fever

Rash

Hair loss

Drop in blood cell count
vinorelbine(Navelbine) Used mainly for advanced cancer Hair loss

Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Muscle and bone aches

Neuropathy(numbness and tingling in the hands and feet)

Hormonal Medications
Generic Name(Brand Name) Usage Possible side effects
anastrozole(Arimidex) Used for early-stage and advanced hormone receptor-positive cancers in postmenopausal women Hot flashes

Mild nausea

Rashes

Bone loss

Pain in joints or muscles
exemestane(Aromasin) Used for advanced hormone-receptor-positive cancers in postmenopausal women Hot flashes

Mild nausea

Bone loss

Fatigue

Joint pain
goserelin(Zoladex) Sometimes used to treat hormone-receptor-positive cancers in premenopausal women and women approaching menopause

(perimenopausal)
Menopausal symptoms:

Hot flashes

Vaginal dryness

Reduced libido
letrozole(Femara) Used for early-stage and advanced hormone receptor positive cancers in postmenopausal women Hot flashes

Bone loss

Pain in back, joint or muscle

Hair loss
leuprolide(Lupron) Sometimes used to treat hormone receptor-positive cancer in pre- and perimenopausal women Menopausal symptoms:

Hot flashes

Vaginal dryness

Reduced libido
megastrol(Megace) Used for advanced hormone receptor-positive cancers Weight gain

Increased appetite

Shortness of breath
tamoxifen(Nolvadex) Used for early-stage and advanced cancer Hot flashes

Vaginal discharge

Fatigue

Nausea

Headaches

Blood clots(deep venous thrombosis)

Blood clots traveling to the lungs(pulmonary emboli)

Possibly stroke

Uterine cancer

cataracts
fulvestrant(Faslodex) Used for advanced hormone receptor-positive cancers in postmenopausal women Hot flashes

Vomiting

Nausea

Constipation

Diarrhea

Headache

Sore throat

Targeted Therapy
Generic Name(Brand Name) Usage Possible side effects
trastuzumab(Herceptin) Used for advanced cancers with high levels of HER2;

Used in clinical trials for early-stage cancer
Early, temporary allergic reaction that may include: shortness of breath

Fever, and

chills

Rarely, serious side effects include:

allergic shock

respiratory distress, and

damage to the heart

Standard-Dose Chemotherapy

Generally, breast cancer women receive chemotherapy drugs in cycles, which each treatment period is followed by a rest period to allow the body to recover.

One of the side effects of chemotherapy drugs is the drop in blood cell count which means that both of the level of red blood cells and white blood cells in the body decrease. Therefore, chemotherapy drugs can not be prolonging used in patients with giving them a resting time. During the rest period, white blood cells which are important to fight against infection can be increased to the normal safe levels. Besides, it is essential to let the red blood cells to rise to normal levels since they play a very important role to carry oxygen to each tissue in the body. Otherwise, fatigue due to anemia can occur.

For example, combination AC is usually given in four cycles. Each cycle is separated by a three-week rest period. Both medications are given on day one of the cycle.
 
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About the authors

We are a group of four students who are from School of Pharmacy, University Sains Malaysia. We are trying our best in developing a website which is all about breast cancer. We have referred to a few books in order to organize the latest useful information about breast cancer treatment for readers. We are Ong Zhi Ying,Tan Poh Ching,Tan Yin Yean and Wong Yung Huei


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